Effectiveness of Exercise Program on Selected Fitness Components Among Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities: a Scoping Review

Abstract

Lack of physical activity could lead to health issues, obesity, and poor quality of life, particularly among individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). This review aims to examine the effectiveness of various exercise programs on physical fitness outcomes in individuals with ID. A systematic literature search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising four on children, three on adolescents, and six on adults with ID. The duration ranged from six weeks to six months. Exercise intervention included circuit training, balance and strength training, sprint interval training, endurance exercise, aquatic exercise, virtual exercise, recreational game, sensory integration exercise, and Brailletonik exercise.
Reported outcomes demonstrated improvement in body composition, flexibility, balance, muscle strength, and physiological markers. These findings highlight the importance of structured, enjoyable, and individualized exercise programs
tailored to the abilities and needs of individuals with ID. Such programs can enhance fitness, promote healthy body weight, reduce non-communicable disease risks, and improve sports performance. Developing well-planned exercise prescriptions with appropriate intensity and duration is essential to encourage sustained participation and support overall health and well-being among individuals with intellectual disabilities.