Knowledge, Attitude and Associated Factors of Obstetric Ultrasonography Among Pregnant Women in KSA: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Ultrasound examination is an essential part of antenatal care in both high-risk and normal pregnancies. Although it provides reassurance to pregnant women and helps in fetal assessment, in many settings its use is still misunderstood by pregnant women. Aim: The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and associated factors of obstetric ultrasonography among pregnant women in the Aseer region in southwestern Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Aseer maternity and Children's Hospital Maternity clinics at health centers affiliated with the Aseer Health Cluster in Abha, Saudi Arabia. A total of 304 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a predesigned, self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic details, knowledge of ultrasound, attitude toward its use, sources of information, and barriers faced by pregnant women. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The majority of pregnant women demonstrated excellent knowledge level of obstetric ultrasonography (80.9%), while 16.4% had moderate and 2.6% had poor knowledge; however, 39.5% exhibited negative attitudes despite 60.5% showing positive attitudes. Knowledge level among pregnant women was significantly associated with prior ultrasound exposure (χ² = 6.6, p = 0.03) and clear information from healthcare providers (χ² = 29.6, p < 0.001). Attitudes were significantly influenced by perceived barriers to ultrasound utilization (χ² = 17.0, p = 0.049). Moreover, a highly significant association was observed between knowledge and attitude (χ² = 15.6, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Despite a high level of knowledge, a considerable proportion of pregnant women exhibited negative attitudes, indicating a gap between knowledge and perception toward obstetric ultrasonography. Knowledge was significantly influenced by prior ultrasound exposure and clear provider communication, while attitudes were mainly affected by perceived barriers, highlighting the need for improved health education through healthcare providers and media with considerations to the barriers faced by pregnant women related to ultrasound during the follow up period of pregnancy.