Demographic Predictors and Etiological Profiles in Recurrent Suppurative Otitis Media.

Abstract

Recurrent suppurative otitis media (rSOM) is common in both pediatric and adult patients. The demographic factors in Southeast Asia are more vulnerable than in other regions. The cause is largely predictable, stemming from limited education, poverty, rural living, and limited access to health care facilities. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study in the ENT outpatient department from July 01, 2020, to December 30, 2024, at Comilla Medical College (https://www.comc.college.gob.bd) and Comilla Medical Center (PVT) LTD (https://www.comillamedicalcentre.com), Cumilla, Bangladesh. Result: Males (55.4%) and adults (66.2%) are more susceptible. Com was 70%; right ear was 45.4%; rural (71.5%); poor (79.2%); maximum. Passive smoke exposure and day care of children were 26.2% and 22.3%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus 32.3% (42) and Streptococcus pneumoniae 23.8% (31) were the most frequent bacteria, with bacterial resistance observed in 28.5% and multiple follow-ups in 63.8%. The mean age and SD were 25.56±16.225 years, and the follow-up time was 13.48±7.789 months. The risk of rSOM was estimated with an odds ratio: sex = 1.447; 95% CI (.691-3.032), children=1.279; 95% CI (.777-2.107), AOM=13.291: 95% CI (5.593-31.585), passive smoking=17.500; 95% CI (6.611-46.326), day care=20.222; 95% CI (6.502-62.895), sensitivity=1.111; 95% CI (.622-1.384), and multiple follow-up=2.002; 95% CI (1.509-2.522). A significant p-value in the linear logistic regression was age = 0.27, age category = <.001, types of otitis media = <.001, follow-up time = .012. Univariate assessment was significant for age category = .040, types of otitis media*laterality = .022, day care = .001, and follow-up category = < .001. Conclusion: The rSOM should take care in the primary health care system to prevent crucial damage to hearing.