A Survey on Dentists’ Awareness and Perceptions Regarding the Role of Physiotherapy in The Management of Temporomandibular Disorders in Kedah, Malaysia

Abstract

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are multifactorial musculoskeletal conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint and associated structures, often resulting in pain and functional limitations. Physiotherapy has emerged as an effective conservative treatment approach; however, its utilization in TMD management remains limited due to inadequate awareness and referral practices among dentists. Objective: This study aimed to assess dentists’ awareness, perceptions, and referral practices regarding the role of physiotherapy in the management of temporomandibular disorders in Kedah, Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 30 registered dentists working in private dental clinics in Kedah, Malaysia. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected through a structured, self-administered online questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics, awareness of TMDs, knowledge of physiotherapy interventions, referral practices, attitudes toward interdisciplinary collaboration, and exposure to physiotherapy services. Descriptive statistics were analysed using SPSS. Results: Most respondents demonstrated good awareness of TMD symptoms and contributing factors, with 96.7% recognizing common symptoms such as headache, ear pain, and jaw clicking, and 93.3% acknowledging both joint and muscular involvement in TMDs. Although 93.3% were aware of physiotherapy’s role in musculoskeletal healthcare, only 16.7% had referred TMD patients to physiotherapists. Positive attitudes toward interdisciplinary collaboration were observed, with 66.6% agreeing that dentists and physiotherapists should collaborate more closely. Furthermore, 96.7% expressed interest in receiving more information about physiotherapy, and all respondents supported the inclusion of physiotherapy-related education in dental curricula. Limited exposure to physiotherapy services and uncertainty regarding specific physiotherapy interventions were identified as major barriers to referral. Conclusion: Dentists in Kedah generally possess good awareness of TMDs and demonstrate positive attitudes toward physiotherapy and interdisciplinary management. However, referral practices remain limited due to insufficient exposure, training, and understanding of physiotherapy-specific interventions. Enhancing interprofessional education, promoting collaborative practice, and establishing clearer referral pathways may improve the integration of physiotherapy into TMD management.