Enhancing Motor Skills, Cooperation, and Discipline in Elementary Students Through a Kids’ Athletics-Based Learning Approach

Abstract

Background. Motor skills, cooperation, and discipline are fundamental developmental components in elementary school students and play a crucial role in supporting both physical and social learning outcomes. However, the increasing influence of digital technology has reduced students’ engagement in physical activities, highlighting the need for innovative and engaging physical education models. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a kids’ athletics-based learning model to enhance motor skills, cooperation, and discipline among elementary school students.
Materials and Methods. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) design using the ADDIE model, consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The developed learning model was validated by six expert lecturers with doctoral and professorial qualifications. The effectiveness test involved 48 upper-grade elementary school students aged 11–12 years. Data were analyzed using Aiken’s V to assess content validity, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for reliability, and paired sample t-tests to evaluate the effectiveness of the model.
Results. The results revealed that the kids’ athletics-based learning model significantly improved students’ motor skills, cooperation, and discipline (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the model demonstrated strong content validity and high reliability, indicating that it is both appropriate and consistent for implementation in physical education settings.
Conclusions. The kids’ athletics-based learning model is effective in enhancing motor skills, cooperation, and discipline among elementary school students and is suitable for practical application in physical education. This model also contributes to fostering positive character development and increasing student engagement in physical activity. Future studies are recommended to further refine and expand this model to strengthen its applicability and alignment with evolving educational curricula.