Freelancers in the Knowledge-Based Gig Economy: A Thematic Analysis of Well-Being, Gendered Inequalities and Work Dynamics

Abstract

^{The study analyses the lived experiences of freelancers engaged in knowledge work, who copes with a rapidly evolving labour market. Its objective is to explore how knowledge- based freelancers have gone through in this emerging labour market segment that offers flexible work opportunities.  A qualitative approach was employed, using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis, and draws on insights from in-depth interviews with twenty-eight freelancers. Seven major themes and nineteen sub-themes were emerged, including autonomy and work control, work–life integration, economic precarity, coping strategies, economic well-being, psychological well-being, and gender disparities. Based on Job Demands–Resources (JD–R) theory and Human Capital Theory, it is found that while freelancers experience a conducive work environment characterized by work-life integration, flexibility, and opportunities for skill development, they continue to face persistent challenges, including income instability, psychological strain, and economic uncertainty. The findings further indicate that while freelancers’ investment in skill development enhances their career sustainability and well-being, systemic inequalities limit them from utilizing their skills and productivity, particularly among women. The study highlights the need for targeted policy interventions, including grievance redressal, gender-specific platforms, and inclusive social security measures, to ensure a fair and sustainable gig economy}