Digitalization of Cold Chain Logistics: Examining Information Technology, Cultural Capabilities, and Performance Outcomes

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of information technology capabilities (ITC), cultural capabilities (CC), supply chain management practices (information sharing), and supply chain technology adoption (SCTA) on supply chain operational performance (SCOP) in the Chinese cold storage industry. It also examines the mediating role of technology adoption in strengthening the relationship between organizational capabilities and operational performance. A quantitative research design was used, and data were collected from employees of cold storage firms in China through a structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS, applying Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to test the proposed hypotheses. The results reveal that IT capabilities, cultural capabilities, and information sharing all have significant positive effects on supply chain operational performance. Similarly, supply chain technology adoption shows a strong positive impact on operational performance, highlighting its importance in improving efficiency, coordination, and responsiveness in cold storage operations. Furthermore, IT capabilities, cultural capabilities, and information sharing are found to significantly influence the adoption of supply chain technologies. The findings also confirm that supply chain technology adoption plays a key mediating role between organizational capabilities and operational performance. This suggests that the positive effects of IT and cultural strengths on performance are largely achieved through effective adoption and use of supply chain technologies. The study concludes that enhancing supply chain performance requires both strong organizational capabilities and effective technology adoption. Managers should invest in modern IT infrastructure, promote a collaborative organizational culture, and encourage digital transformation. The study provides practical insights for improving operational efficiency and competitiveness in the Chinese cold storage sector.