Social Construction of Social Actions and Resilience Modalities of the Khalwatiyah Samman Sufi Order Actors in Patte’ne Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to deeply analyze the social actions of the actors of the Khalwatiyah Samman Sufi Order in Patte’ne Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, using a constructivist paradigm and a qualitative research approach. The type of research is phenomenology. Research respondents include the order's leaders, indigenous community members, village government actors, migrant community members, community figures, youth, and followers of the order, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data validation was conducted using source and method triangulation. Data analysis was carried out in stages through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and development of research results using an interactive data analysis model. Research results show that there are 4 (four) types of actors who play important roles in the Patte’ne Cultural Village community, namely the leader of the tariqa, the indigenous community actors, the village government actors, and the migrant community actors, each having roles and responsibilities according to social reality in taking social actions. The community's religious social construction of social actions takes place through the processes of externalization, objectivation, and internalization in an unsystematic and simultaneous manner. The Sufi Khalwatiyah Samman tariqa, as a religious social institution, has not experienced deconstruction or dismantling of the institution but has become stronger and more sustainable to this day, even though its community has shifted into increasingly complex spaces. Social actions based on religious social identity continue to be preserved and have not undergone modification or reformation in social actions stemming from the tariqa’s teachings. The strategy of strengthening modalities is more determinant in the aspects of biological and successive investment strategies, whereas the strategy of strengthening modalities through economic invasion in its social reality is external, beyond the social actions of actors and the followers of the Khalwatiyah Samman Sufi Order.