An Evaluation of Classroom Based Sensory Strategies for Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Preliminary Pilot Data

Abstract

Autistic children face daily challenges with sensory processing that can impact their focus and learning. The current pilot study examines the effects of a sensory intervention involving joint compressions (scheduled application of firm pressure on the child’s joints) on outcomes of engagement with a preschool-aged child diagnosed with ASD. This multielement single-case design demonstrates the effects of a joint compression intervention and additional element of reinforcement. Procedures were implemented by a multi-disciplinary team within a hospital-based preschool-type setting utilizing principles of applied behavior analysis and sensory strategies. Data were collected and analyzed for one target participant, Seth, and one control participant. Results for the target indicate positive gains for averaged pro-learning behaviors in treatment phases and reduced gains during return to baseline phases. Results for the control expected consistently high rates of pro-learning behaviors, demonstrating the need for intervention for the target participant. Results provide evidence on the effectiveness of sensory intervention involving joint compressions at improving learning behaviors of appropriate sitting, appropriate motor activity, and engagement with teaching tasks and learning material. Implications for practice in educational settings and limitations to the current study and areas of future research are addressed in the discussion.