Obstacles to the Success of Combating Corruption and Ways to Overcome Them in Iraqi and Egyptian Law

Abstract

This research aims to identify the most prominent obstacles that prevent the success of combating corruption in both Iraq and Egypt, and to analyze its legislative and practical dimensions, while studying the legal and institutional means that can overcome them in light of the applicable legislation and practical applications, in order to identify the points of agreement and difference between the two legal systems and to propose ways to enhance the effectiveness of the anti-corruption system. The importance of this research stems from the fact that corruption is one of the most serious phenomena threatening the rule of law, affecting the efficiency of public administration, and hindering economic and social development. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach to clarify legal concepts related to corruption and its obstacles, and to analyze the legislative texts regulating its combat. It also employed a comparative approach to highlight the points of agreement and difference between Iraqi and Egyptian law. The research concluded that the success of combating corruption is not solely dependent on the multiplicity of oversight bodies or the severity of penalties, but rather requires an integrated legal system characterized by clear legislation, no overlapping jurisdictions, enhanced independence of oversight and judicial bodies, activation of the preventive role of legal advice, and high-quality legislative drafting. Furthermore, it necessitates developing digital transformation, strengthening cooperation among relevant institutions, and establishing a culture of integrity and transparency. This will contribute to raising the efficiency of anti-corruption efforts and achieving more effective protection of public funds in both Iraq and Egypt.