Study of the Job Demand, Control, and Support Model as a Predictor for Nurses' Counterproductive Work Behaviors, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intention

Abstract

workplace psychosocial factors influence nurses' attitudes and behaviors. By examining the balance between job demands, decision-making control, and social support, the model helps predict important organizational outcomes, including counterproductive work behaviors, job satisfaction, and turnover intention among nurses.

Aim: To investigate the job demand, control, and support model to predict nurses' counterproductive work behaviors and job satisfaction at hospitals, Saudia Arabia. 

Method: A descriptive cross-sectional, conducted at all inpatient departments of the 3 hospitals namely Huraymala General Hospital, Dawadmi General Hospital, and Dhurma General Hospital. In Huraymala General Hospital Home care, on 300 nurses using data collection tools namely Job Demands, Control, and Support Scale (JDCSS), Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist, Mueller, and McClosky Satisfaction Scale (MMSS), and Turnover Intention Scale. Results: Less than half (45.7%) of them had a moderate level of job demands, (39.7%) who had a low level of job control, (58.7%) had low level for counterproductive work behavior, (52.3%), had low level of job satisfaction, there was a statistically significant relationship between total level of work-related support resources and level of total nurses' counterproductive work behaviors, job satisfaction and turnover intention at hospitals of the studied nurses at hospitals, Saudia Arabia as P value= 0.0001.

Conclusion: A substantial proportion of nurses reported moderate to low levels of job demands and work-related support resources, with the majority experiencing low job control, which contributes to workplace strain. These adverse working conditions were significantly associated with counterproductive work behaviors, diminished job satisfaction, and increased turnover intentions among nursing staff. The findings underscore the critical interplay between job demands, available resources, and nurses' psychological and behavioral responses in the workplace.

Recommendations: Implement regular assessments of job demands and workload distribution among staff to identify overburdened nurses and redistribute tasks equitably to prevent burnout and counterproductive behaviors.