Outcome Of Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients of Osteoarthritis with Varus Deformity

Abstract

Varus deformity is a communal manifestation of advanced knee osteoarthritis and presents technical challenges during TKA (Total Knee Arthroplasty) because of soft-tissue and altered limb alignment imbalance. This prospective observational study evaluated the functional and radiological outcomes of primary TKA in 30 patients with osteoarthritis and varus deformity treated at a tertiary care centre between July 2024 and March 2026. Functional outcome was assessed using the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), while radiological evaluation included postoperative limb alignment, component positioning, implant stability, and complications. Patients were followed for 12 months after surgery. The mean OKS improved significantly from 17.11 ± 3.42 preoperatively to 44.50 ± 2.63 at the final follow-up (p < 0.001), indicating substantial improvement in pain relief and knee function. Neutral mechanical alignment was achieved in 86.7% of patients, with only three patients demonstrating mild residual varus and one patient showing residual varus greater than 5°. No patient developed valgus overcorrection, and radiographs confirmed stable implant fixation without loosening or component failure. Only one superficial wound infection was observed, with no deep infections, thromboembolic events, implant failures, or revision surgeries. Primary TKA is a safe and effective procedure that provides reliable deformity correction, excellent functional recovery, favourable radiological outcomes, and improved quality of life in patients with varus osteoarthritis.