Interpersonal Communication, Community Empowerment, and Stunting Prevention: A Qualitative Study of Primary Healthcare Services in Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Stunting remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia despite ongoing national efforts to reduce its prevalence. In addition to nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions, communication strategies have become essential components of stunting prevention programs. Interpersonal communication by health workers is considered an effective approach for promoting behavioral change because it facilitates direct interaction, trust-building, and community engagement.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the implementation of interpersonal communication by health workers in stunting prevention programs at Somba Opu Primary Health Center, Gowa Regency, Indonesia.

Methods: A qualitative study with a case study approach was conducted at Somba Opu Primary Health Center. Participants were purposively selected and included health workers, Posyandu cadres, community leaders, and mothers of children under five years of age. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews. The interview guide was developed based on DeVito’s interpersonal communication framework, comprising openness, empathy, supportiveness, positiveness, and equality. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis, while trustworthiness was ensured through triangulation, member checking, and peer review.

Results: Seven major themes emerged from the analysis: openness, empathy, supportiveness, positiveness, equality, policy support, and community empowerment. Health workers implemented interpersonal communication through counseling sessions, Posyandu activities, maternal classes, and home visits. Openness facilitated information exchange regarding nutrition and child health, while empathy strengthened trust between health workers and caregivers. Supportive and positive communication encouraged behavioral change and increased participation in health services. Equality fostered two-way communication and active community involvement. Furthermore, government policy support strengthened program implementation, and interpersonal communication contributed to community empowerment by improving knowledge, confidence, and participation in stunting prevention activities.

Conclusion: Effective interpersonal communication plays a critical role in strengthening community participation, promoting behavioral change, and empowering families in stunting prevention efforts. Strengthening communication competencies among health workers may enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of stunting reduction programs at the primary healthcare level.