Historical Dynamics of Social Processes in Kazakhstan in the Conditions of Force Modernization (1920-1930 Years of the Xx Century)

Abstract

The Kazakh people underwent a very difficult development path as part of the Russian Empire and then the Soviet Union. They were constantly subject to various social reforms imposed against their will. Under the Bolshevik regime, coercive measures became even more severe. Social coercion became an indispensable element of the socialist reconstruction of Kazakh society. Upon coming to power, the Bolsheviks began to restrict the traditional social ties inherent in Kazakh society. The Soviet government's policies aimed at destroying the social structure of the Kazakh ethnic group, which had developed over decades of centuries. First and foremost, the wealthy, who formed the foundation of the ethnic group's economic and spiritual life, were excluded from the social structure. The Bolsheviks viewed the Kazakh wealthy as an exploitative class, living off the labor of others. They strove to create a society free from human exploitation. They believed that such a society would be the foundation of the people's well-being and social justice. In pursuit of this lofty goal, it was necessary to destroy the centuries-old social order of the peoples living in Soviet territory. For the Bolshevik Party, the fundamental interests of local indigenous ethnic groups were nothing more than empty talk. Although they constantly spoke of these interests, they took no concrete action to realize them. The gap between the Communist Party's words and actions was particularly noticeable in the social sphere. While promoting slogans about protecting the interests of the working masses, the Soviet government implemented reforms that destroyed traditional social ties. Thus, the forced modernization policy pursued by the Soviet government cut the Kazakh people off from the natural evolutionary development of the global community. This isolation fro’m global civilizational processes became one of the main causes of the social suffering experienced by the Kazakh ethnic group in the 1920s and 1930s.