Problematic Issues of the Subject (Al-FĀʿIL) in Ibn Jinni’s Book _"Al-Tanbīh ʿalā Sharḥ Mushkilāt al-Ḥamāsa"_

Abstract

This research aimed to address the problematic issues of the subject (al-fāʿil) in Ibn Jinni's book, *Al-Tanbih*, and to clarify his position on them. Every problematic issue in grammar deserves study, especially since some problematic issues of the subject may not be mentioned in the chapter on the subject in grammar books. The research adopted two methodologies: inductive and descriptive-analytical.

The research defined the subject according to grammarians, then discussed the governing factor in the subject and the differences of opinion among grammarians regarding it. It then addressed the problematic issues of the subject scattered throughout *Al-Tanbih*, clarifying Ibn Jinni's position on them. The research concluded with the results, including: the permissibility of describing the subject of *ni'ma* and *bi'sa* if the meaning requires it; the impermissibility of omitting the subject and interpreting what appears to be omitted as an ellipsis, noting that ellipsis of the subject is common in Arabic speech; and the rejection by the majority of grammarians of the subject being a sentence.