Employment Probability and Career Advancement of Graduates from Public and Private Higher Education Institutions in Tawi-Tawi

Abstract

Research Gap: While national studies compare labor market outcomes of public and private higher education institution (HEI) graduates, there is limited evidence specific to the BARMM region, particularly Tawi-Tawi, where labor market dynamics, employer preferences, and economic structure differ significantly from mainland areas. Objective: This study compared the employment probability and career advancement of graduates from public and private HEIs in Tawi-Tawi. Methodology: Using a descriptive-comparative and predictive design, data were collected from 320 graduates (160 public, 160 private) selected through stratified random sampling. The survey instrument was adapted from the CHED Graduate Tracer Study, validated by experts, and tested for reliability (α = 0.84–0.89). Key Findings: Public HEI graduates showed significantly higher employment probability (81.25% vs. 68.75%, p < 0.01) and faster job placement (2.1 vs. 3.4 months), with 62.3% employed in the government sector. In contrast, private HEI graduates reported higher starting salaries (52.3% vs. 38.5% earning ≥ ₱18,000), faster promotions, and greater access to professional training. Logistic regression confirmed that institutional type and licensure status were significant predictors of outcomes. Practical Importance: The study provides region-specific data to guide students, parents, and policymakers in choosing and improving educational pathways, highlighting that both sectors serve distinct but complementary roles in the local economy.