Effectiveness of Alternative Learning System (ALS) Program on the Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes of Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL)

Abstract

While education is recognized as a fundamental human right and a key strategy for rehabilitation, most existing studies focus on ALS in formal community settings, with limited empirical evidence on its effectiveness within correctional facilities, particularly in the BARMM and Zamboanga Peninsula regions. There is also a scarcity of research that integrates both quantitative outcomes and lived experiences of Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDLs). This study determined the effectiveness of the Alternative Learning System (ALS) programs on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of PDLs at the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) – Ipil District Jail. Using a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design, data were gathered from 69 PDLs selected through total enumeration. The survey instrument achieved Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.92, confirming high reliability, and thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Results revealed that programs implemented include Basic Literacy Program, Elementary, Junior High School, and the Mindanao Youth for Development (MyDev) program. The overall effectiveness was rated Very High (Grand Mean = 4.42), with attitudes scoring highest (M = 4.53), followed by skills (M = 4.39) and knowledge (M = 4.34). Significant differences were found in knowledge levels by program type and length of incarceration, while age and socioeconomic status showed no significant effect. A strong positive correlation (rₛ = 0.72, p < 0.001) was found between program implementation and learning outcomes. Qualitative findings revealed that ALS serves as a source of hope, restores dignity, and prepares PDLs for reintegration. This study fills the gap by providing context-specific evidence that ALS is an effective rehabilitation tool, offering recommendations to improve program delivery and policy alignment.