Cyberbullying in Adolescents, Associated Factors and Consequences: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Cyberbullying among adolescents is currently a problem linked to the excessive use of social media, which triggers negative effects on mental health. The objective was to analyze the available scientific evidence on cyberbullying in adolescents, the risk and protective factors associated with related psychosocial problems. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was carried out in the Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and Redalyc databases, and included studies published between 2019 and 2025. Of a total of 90 scientific articles identified, 18 were selected that met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that the risk factors were excessive internet and social media use, inadequate emotional regulation, low parental control, and exposure to aggressive content. Protective factors were identified, such as communication, family support, responsible digital education, and the strengthening of socio-emotional skills. Related psychosocial problems include suicidal ideation or behavior, and social conflicts that affect academic performance and the socio-emotional well-being of adolescents.