Flexible Learning in Criminology Education: Status, Challenges, and Coping Mechanisms of Students in the Philippines During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

This research aimed to find out about the conditions, problems, and ways of dealing with that situation of the criminology students of Pangasinan State University–Binmaley Campus, who were taking flexible learning courses for the Academic Year 2020-2021. A descriptive-survey design was employed in gathering the data from 498 Bachelor of Science in Criminology students. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data from which the findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings indicated that although a majority of students possessed digital devices, a significant number relied on smartphones and shared gadgets, which restricted their ability to fully leverage learning management systems. The challenges faced were not limited to technological issues—such as device constraints and internet connectivity—but also encompassed psychosocial factors, including difficulties in personal motivation, time management, and health and wellness. In response to these obstacles, students employed coping mechanisms such as planful problem solving, seeking social support, self-regulation, and positive reappraisal, which exemplify adaptive resilience. The research indicates that although adaptable learning allowed education to be maintained, it uncovered also some important differences which require targeted remediation measures. As a result, a Flexible Learning Remediation Program is proposed to not only increase digital accessibility and LMS proficiency but also to integrate students' emotional support that they may be equipped with academic excellence and professional ability after the pandemic.