The Implementation of Universal Health Care in Geographically Isolated Disadvantaged Areas (GIDAs) in Camarines Sur: Basis for a Health Education Guide

Abstract

Universal Health Care (UHC) aims to provide equitable access to quality health services, particularly in Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas (GIDAs). However, barriers such as distance, limited resources, and inadequate manpower often hinder effective program implementation. This study assessed the implementation of UHC programs in GIDAs of Camarines Sur and identified factors affecting service delivery, with the goal of developing a Health Education Guide. A descriptive-survey design was employed using a validated questionnaire administered to health care providers across five districts of Camarines Sur with identified GIDAs. Respondents were selected through Slovin’s formula. Data were analyzed using percentages, weighted means, and the Kruskal–Wallis test to determine significant differences in program implementation across districts. Findings revealed that programs under Maternal, Newborn, Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN), including Safe Motherhood, Immunization, Nutrition and Helminth Control, Adolescent Health, and Family Planning, were very highly implemented. Communicable disease programs such as Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS/STI prevention were very highly implemented, while Rabies control was highly implemented. For non-communicable diseases, Health and Wellness was very highly implemented and Tobacco Control highly implemented. Health service capacity was rated highly implemented for local health system development and very highly implemented for service delivery. Significant differences were found across districts in the perceived implementation of UHC programs (p < 0.05). Barriers included remoteness of facilities (>5 km from RHU/BHS), lack of equipment and medicines, and low community participation. Based on these findings, a Health Education Guide was developed.