The Hidden Burden behind an Extra Chromosome: Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome and the Expanding Role of Pharmacists

Abstract

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), primarily due to the triplication of chromosome 21. Modifiable risk factors such as metabolic syndrome, along with genetic predisposition accelerate the likelihood of developing AD. This narrative review was conducted to explore the relationship between DS and AD, highlighting the underlying pathophysiological process and key risks involved. It examines the evolving role of pharmacist as a primary health care profession, in supporting medication utilization and caregiver education. Enhancing pharmacists’ dementia-related knowledge and communication skills may improve patient outcomes and quality of care for individuals with DS at risk or living with AD.