Social Engineering and Human Capital Development in Urban Community Product Innovation

Abstract

This study examined community product development through the social engineering process and its effects on development outcomes. A qualitative research design was adopted, employing participant observation in ongoing community occupational activities, semi-structured interviews with 14 members of the Wat Sawaswareesrimaram Community Occupational Group, and an in- depth interview with one community leader. In addition, participatory workshops were conducted with household leaders, faculty mentors, and students, involving 11 participants in the application of social engineering process tools. Finally, focus group discussions were organized with beneficiaries of five prototype community products developed through the social engineering process. The social engineering process was designed as both hard skills, drawing on knowledge of social development, occupational group management, and product design for innovation and value creation, and soft skills, including analytical reasoning, communication, collaboration, and innovation, which also enhanced the competencies of participating students. The research highlights that community product development through social engineering primarily aims to develop human capital. Tools such as the 'Fapradarn' enabled cause-and-effect analysis of problems, potentials, and needs, particularly among elderly participants who often lacked modern design, skills, and sustained support in funding and marketing. Development and process timelines revealed that community identity could be strengthened by transforming historical narratives into product value. Furthermore, the M.I.C. (Modify–Improve–Create) model provided a systematic framework for tailoring products to market demand, fostering community participation, and addressing root problems in product development. This model operationalizes the transfer of academic knowledge to communities through the principle of critical reflection, volunteerism, inclusivity, and social responsibility. By integrating technical and social skills, it reinforces community resilience from within and evolves into a broader social development ecosystem. The approach systematically cultivates self-reliance, reduces dependency on state support, and provides a sustainable pathway for urban community development.