Knee Extensor Strength Between Inter-University and Non-Inter-University Handball Players: A Cross-Sectional Isokinetic Assessment

Abstract

Aim The present study assessed and compared knee extensor peak torque between inter-university (IUG) and non-inter-university (NIUG) male handball players using isokinetic dynamometry.

Methodology- Ten male handball players (age: 18–24 years; IUG n = 5, NIUG n = 5) enrolled at Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education (LNIPE), North East Regional Centre, Guwahati, India participated. Concentric knee extensor peak torque was assessed at 60°/sec using the HUMAC NORM isokinetic dynamometer. The Shapiro–Wilk test and Levene’s test confirmed normality and variance homogeneity before inferential analysis.

Result -  An independent-samples t-test revealed that the IUG demonstrated significantly greater knee extensor peak torque (M = 99.60 Nm, SD = 6.23) than the NIUG (M = 77.80 Nm, SD = 5.89), t(8) = 5.69, p < .001, 95% CI [12.96, 30.64] Nm, Cohen’s d = 3.59 (very large effect). These findings indicate that inter-university competitive-level participation is associated with substantially superior knee extensor strength, likely attributable to greater exposure to structured, periodised resistance-training programmes. Strength and conditioning specialists working with non-inter-university players should prioritise progressive lower-limb resistance training to reduce this gap and minimise injury risk..