Research-Based Biochemistry Laboratory Learning Through the KAPAMA Herbal Product Formulation

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of integrating the KaPaMa herbal product formulation project, a research project developing soap, lotion, and cream from extracts of Karimbuaya (Euphorbia neriifolia), Pako (Diplazium esculentum), and Mayana (Coleus blumei), into an undergraduate biochemistry laboratory course. Employing a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, the quantitative phase compared students who participated in the KaPaMa Research-Based Learning (RBL) approach with those who completed conventional verification-style experiments. The KaPaMa RBL group showed significantly greater gains in biochemistry achievement (mean gain=10.84 vs. 5.88; d=1.73) and laboratory confidence (mean gain=0.86 vs. 0.35; d=1.48), with ANCOVA indicating large effects after controlling for baseline differences. Qualitative data were gathered from focus group discussions, reflective journals, classroom observations, and laboratory documents from 24 purposively selected students. Thematic analysis identified five interrelated learning processes: from theory to tangibility, learning by doing, appreciation of relevance and societal impact, collaboration and confidence, and challenges as learning opportunities. Integration of the findings shows that KaPaMa RBL is an authentic, culturally grounded approach that increased conceptual understanding and self-efficacy of students.