Ethnic and National Stereotypes and Self-Stereotypes of the Kapampangan, Ilocano and Tagalog Students of Tarlac State University

Abstract

Tarlac State University (TSU) is a multicultural institution composed primarily of Kapampangan, Ilocano, and Tagalog students. This study examined and compared the ethnic stereotypes, ethnic self-stereotypes, and national self-stereotypes of these three ethnolinguistic groups to determine how multicultural interaction shapes ethnic and national identity. Guided by stereotype theory and concepts of imagined national identity, the study used a descriptive comparative design employing a modified Katz and Braly trait checklist and the uniformity index to analyze stereotype clarity and positivity.

Findings revealed that the Ilocano ethnic stereotype was the sharpest and moderately positive, the Kapampangan stereotype was predominantly negative, and the Tagalog stereotype was the blurriest but most positive. Ethnic self-stereotypes across all groups were clearer and more positive than ethnic stereotypes, suggesting stronger positive self-identification. However, overlaps between stereotypes and self-stereotypes were modest, indicating only partial internalization of ethnic labels. National self-stereotypes demonstrated greater uniformity and higher positivity across groups, with shared traits such as “God-fearing,” “hospitable,” and “loving” emerging as common national identity markers.

The study argues that although ethnic stereotypes remain present, positive national self-stereotypes transcend ethnolinguistic divisions and contribute to intergroup cohesion. The findings highlight how sustained multicultural interaction within TSU supports the construction of shared national identity and promotes peaceful interethnic relations and nation-building.