Design and Optimization of Eco-Friendly Solar-Powered Desalination Systems for Clean Water Access

Abstract

       This research aims to optimize solar-powered desalination systems for cleaner water access in water-scarce areas. This study focuses on enhancing the performance and efficiency of solar desalination by incorporating sustainable design principles and innovative technologies. The major driving forces affecting system performance (in terms of maximizing freshwater output, material selection, thermal efficiency and feed water system optimization) were extensively explored.  A structural analysis of components is performed ensuring the best material is chosen and that it is stress resistant. Thermal modeling and performance analysis are performed to see the potential of improving the efficiency of the solar panel, which calculates a thermal efficiency of 14.69% with 834.62 watts of water output. It is calculated that the power usage for the desalination system is 18 amps over a 3-day period, and the frame displacement of the system, as well as the frame factor of safety, are determined as to be 0.708 mm and 6.014, respectively. It also shows that the purified water met three safety benchmarks; it had a pH of 6.8, proving that is safe to drink. Solar-powered desalination plants offer a sustainable alternative for access to clean water, particularly in areas with limited freshwater supplies.