Analysis of the Four Frames of Leadership of The School Principals Towards Resource Expansion in the Selected Elementary Schools in the Province of Romblon, Philippines

Abstract

       In the 2023 WB report, approximately 78 percent of public schools and 96 percent of students in the Philippines are exposed and vulnerable to multiple hazards. Hence, studying the performance of functions, and roles associated with school improvement towards resource expansion, involves investigating complex systems of actions of school principals: Structural; Human Resources; Political; and Symbolic frame, respectively. This study aims to determine the status of the four frames of leadership towards school resource expansion. The explanatory sequential design of mixed methods research was employed in this study involving 22 principals and 228 teachers. The findings revealed that leadership in schools is multi-dimensional and interconnected. The results of the Mann–Whitney U test revealed statistically significant differences between principals and teachers in the Structural, Human Resource, and Political frames. However, although these differences are statistically significant, the small effect sizes indicate that the magnitude is subject for collaborative and participatory engagement. Thus, the perceptual gap exists but is not deeply polarized. In contrast, no statistically significant difference was found in the Symbolic frame. Therefore, the null hypothesis for the Symbolic frame is not rejected. This study provides an opportunity for strategic institutional improvement.