Physical Characteristics and Quality of Life Levels of Elite and Amateur Tennis Players in Both Genders

Abstract

Objective: To compare physical characteristics and quality of life (QoL) between elite and recreational tennis players and to examine whether gender moderates this relationship.

Method: A cross‑sectional, comparative design included 286 Turkish tennis players (female elite n=51, female recreational n=85; male elite n=57, male recreational n=93). Physical measures were age, height, weight, BMI, and weekly training frequency. QoL was assessed with the WHOQoL‑BREF TR (physical, psychological, environmental, social domains, general health, and perceived social pressure). Independent samples t‑tests and Pearson correlations were used.

Results: Female elite players scored significantly higher than recreational players on physical (p<0.05), environmental (p<0.05), and social (p<0.01) QoL domains and trained more frequently (4.16 vs. 2.18 days/week, p<0.01). No QoL differences were found between male elite and recreational players. Male elite players had higher body weight (p<0.05) and BMI (p<0.01). In both genders, all QoL domains were positively intercorrelated, and perceived social pressure was negatively correlated with all QoL domains. In males only, greater height and weight were positively associated with all QoL domains.

Discussion: Elite female tennis players benefit from their higher training load in physical, environmental, and social well‑being. Male elite players do not show QoL advantages despite greater training frequency, likely because their higher BMI and injury risk offset benefits, and competitive stress may be more pronounced.

Conclusion: The relationship between competitive level and QoL is moderated by gender. Elite participation enhances several QoL domains in females but not in males. Sport programmes should consider gender‑specific mechanisms to optimise athletes’ well‑being.